Neoclassicism free essay sample

Neoclassicism, one of the significant craftsmanship developments, started around the center of the eighteenth century and went on until the initial segment of the nineteenth century. Not long before the start of the Neoclassic development the publics enthusiasm for the Renaissance and Classic Greek and Roman workmanship started to return to life. Alongside the publics recently discovered enthusiasm for the renaissance and Greek and Roman craftsmanship the general population additionally started to contradict the past styles of Rococo and Baroque (Sayre, 2010). Alongside the publics changing craftsmanship intrigues political changes are additionally thought to have played a part in the beginning of the Neoclassic movement.At the time the United States was getting autonomous and making its own equitable political framework. Simultaneously France was turning into a republic. Together France and the United States chose to plan their open structures around the Neoclassic style. Neoclassic style works of art based on scarcely any subjects, the most noticeable being ethics. We will compose a custom paper test on Neoclassicism or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Painters around then idea that people consistently in the open eye should look admonished and deadpan in paintings.In The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries by Jacques Louis David, Napoleon was intended to be viewed as a sovereign and military pioneer, the two of which were intense jobs continually keeping him inside the open eye. In the artistic creation Napoleon is seen wearing his military uniform. Napoleons face shows no feeling at all and his eyes appear to have no life in them. The foundation, the investigation, appears to be tasteless. The lines and hues utilized in the work of art are straightforward. These components together represent the profound quality and highminded nature of the timespan, and can be viewed as subject in many artistic creations during the Neoclassic movement.Impressionism When the Neoclassic development reached a conclusion in the main portion of the nineteenth century the Impressionism development started. The Impressionist workmanship development went on until the start of the twentieth century. The start of the Impressionist development was set apart by Claude Monets painting Impression-Sunrise (Sayre, 2010). The subjects and methods utilized in impressionist work was totally not the same as past ages of fine art (Sayre, 2010). Impressionist work didnt center around social structure or legislative issues, however rather centered around visual delight. Henry Sayre (2010) expressed, If impressionism is described by a method of seeing by the endeavor to catch the passing impacts of light by applying paint in little speedy strokes of shading it is likewise characterized by an extraordinary enthusiasm for pictures of relaxation. Pierre August Renoir made a magnificent case of Impressionist work when he made Luncheon of the Boating Party. Lunch meeting of the Boating Party shows a gathering of people, perhaps companions, talking with one another around a table loaded up with food and beverages. The people all appear to have some good times in their recreation time with each other.Abstract Expressionism The occasions paving the way to the Abstract Expressionism development were exceptionally hard and extremely tragic. The Abstract Expressionism development started during the 1940s. The Great Depression and World War II had not started throughout the entire that previously. Five years or so before the development started President Roosevelt had put a government workmanship venture moving which gave craftsmen budgetary help permitting specialists to function as they needed (Sayre, 2010). It was after the government craftsmanship venture when craftsmen like Ferdinand Leger, Marcel Duchamp, Piet Mondrian, Yves Tanguy, and Andre Breton went to the United States (Sayre, 2010).It was then that Abstract Expressionism was conceived. The style of Abstract Expressionism is free, receptive, and unbounded. Unique Expressionist craftsmanship demonstrated feeling, immediacy, and opportunity from past limitations of past workmanship styles. A magnificent case of Abstract Expressionism is Autumn Rhythm made by Jackson Pollock. From the start Autumn Rhythm seems as though a craftsmanship venture having a place with a youngster in kindergarten. Pollock filled the canvas start to finish side to agree with splatters, trickles, smudges, and whirls of paint. Pollock changed lines by utilizing various devices like sticks and trowels.

Great Wall of China

The Rise and Fall of China's Great Wall The ascent and fall of China's Great Wall: the race to spare a world fortune †Special Report Current Events, Sept 27, 2002 Save an individual duplicate of this article and rapidly discover it again with Furl. net. It's free! Spare it. MADE OF BRICK, STONE, and earth, the Great Wall exciting bends in the road over China's scene like a monster mythical beast. It appears to emerge from the ocean at Bo Hal inlet, a spot referred to nearby individuals as Laolongtou, or â€Å"the old mythical beast's head. † The divider at that point extends over the fields, creeps at the edges of mountains and scales their tops as it traverses the Asian countryside.This old miracle, constructed altogether by hand, frequently overpowers guests. Out traveling to the divider in 1909, French researcher Auguste Gilbert de Voisins stated, â€Å"Nothing stops it, nothing hinders its; seeing it now, one may trust it to be unceasing. † Today, in any case, disregard, abuse, and modernization undermine the monster mythical beast. Despite the fact that the divider once extended almost 4,000 miles over China's northern outskirt, just around 1,500 miles of China's Great Wall remain. The rest has self-destructed and vanished. This year, the World Monuments Fund set the Great Wall on its rundown of 100 Most Endangered Sites.The bunch would like to secure what's left of the divider and to empower the Chinese government and others to spare the notable structure. As per a World Monuments Fund report, â€Å"[The wall] was worked to ensure China; presently China must secure it. † The Great Wall of Qin China's Great Wall didn't begin so incredible. Started about 2,300 years prior, the structure was a progression of little strongholds. As right on time as 600 B. C. , individuals in China manufactured little dividers around their homes and urban areas for security. Troopers protected the entryways around the city dividers during the day and swung the doors shut at night.During the Warring States time frame (475-221 B. C. ), pioneers battling for control of China fabricated dividers around whole realms. Troopers involved strongholds and towers on the divider and battled to secure the fringes of the autonomous states. In 221 B. C. , Qin Shi Huangdi brought together the realms and turned into the primary sovereign of China. Qin Shi Huangdi provided requests to assemble the chang cheng, or â€Å"long wall,† to shield China from northern migrants who were attempting to attack China. Workers assembled the divider by joining dividers built before and expanding the length of the divider to almost 3,100 miles.With the assistance of General Meng Tian, Qin Shi Huangdi requested 800,000 menâ€soldiers, detainees, and peasantsâ€to fabricate the divider. Where stones were abundant, laborers utilized stones to fabricate portions of the divider. Where stones were rare, laborers utilized earth. To manufacture the divider, w orkers uncovered a lot of earth and conveyed it to the divider. The laborers at that point heaped earth into wooden casings around 6 inches down. They utilized wooden instruments to pound the soil until it turned into a strong mass. This procedure was rehashed until the divider arrived at an ideal height.Workers at that point moved the wooden edges to the following area of the divider and started the procedure once more. As per legend, Qin Shi Huangdi sentenced laborers to death for making the scarcest development mistakes. Today, hardly any hints of the Qin divider remain. After Qin Shi Huangdi's passing in 210 B. C. , laborers surrendered the divider and it in the long run disintegrated into ruins. The Ming Fortress Nearly all of Qin Shi Huangdi's replacements assembled dividers along China's northern outskirts. The strongholds, notwithstanding, never completely shielded China from invasion.During the mid thirteenth century, Genghis Khan, pioneer of the Mongols, a wanderer bunch f rom the north, joined a few migrant militaries and vanquished quite a bit of Asia. In 1279, Genghis Khan's grandson, Kubilai Khan, toppled the Chinese ruler and built up the Yuan administration (1279-1368). The Yuan rulers didn't keep up the old divider or manufacture another one, so the divider started to fall into ruins. After Khan kicked the bucket in 1227, a Chinese rancher named Zu Yuanzhang drove a revolutionary armed force and helped oust the last Yuan sovereign. At the point when Zu Yuanzhang held onto power, he set up the Ming line (1368-1644).Zu and his replacements chose to remake China's Great Wall, which lay for the most part in ruins, to shield the Mongols from coming back to reconquer China. For about 200 years, a huge number of laborers works away on the Ming wallâ€reinforcing the Great Wall with blocks and stone. The Ming divider in the long run blocked mountain passes that Mongol officers had used to attack China. At the point when Mongol clans assaulted the div ider, Chinese warriors alarmed others by lighting signal flames. At the point when watches from a sign pinnacle saw the shoot, they manufactured another discharge, passing the admonition along the wall.The number of smoke crest and gun shots shot showed to Chinese officers what number of aggressors were drawing nearer. The Ming government burdened the individuals of China intensely to pay for development of the Great Wall. In 1644, the Manchus, a traveler clan from upper east of Peking, helped rebels topple the Ming rulers and began the following period in Chinese historyâ€the Qing line. During the Qing tradition, Manchu powers drove out Mongol intruders and broadened China's fringe more remote north past the Great Wall. The divider not, at this point ensured China's fringe, so development halted and fighters surrendered the fortresses.The Wall At Risk Today, Chinese authorities caution that the Great Wall is indeed enduring an onslaught. In any case, this time the divider isn't in peril from trespassers. Rather neighborhood individuals and sightseers the same undermine the divider. Dong Yaohui, leader of the Great Wall Society of China, as of late convinced a neighborhood government to require a fine on inhabitants in a little town after they annihilated piece of the divider to acquire blocks for new houses. Also, in 1999, authorities in the self-ruling locale of Nei Monggol (when called Inner Mongolia) pushed through the Great Wall to manufacture an expressway. Nature has additionally taken its toll.At the divider's western end, desert dust storms have worn out quite a bit of China's extraordinary marvel. Dong Yaohui stated, â€Å"Saving the Great Wall is currently the most earnest errand confronting our nation. Its magnificence must be reconstructed. † Preservationists likewise contend that business designers are pulverizing the stylish magnificence of China's Great Wall. Designers have transformed pieces of the divider into a visitor goal. Guests to the divider at the Badaling segment close to Beijing can take one of five link vehicles to the highest point of the divider, bungee-bounce off an area of the divider, paraglide along the divider, or ride a toboggan down the mountain.William Lindesay, an Englishman living in China, sorted out a gathering to ensure and save what is left of the divider. Lindesay's gathering, the International Friends of the Great Wall, works with nearby residents to get trash along the divider and ensure the divider is shielded from vandals. â€Å"The divider is in grave, grave danger,† Lindesay said. The Chinese government additionally would like to ensure the national fortune. Authorities in Beijing are thinking about enactment that, whenever passed, would convict anybody found littering or damaging the Great Wall to a prison term of up to seven years.Arthur Waldron, a student of history, composed, â€Å"Whatever the future brings, the picture of the divider †¦ as an image of China à ¢â‚¬ ¦ appears to will undoubtedly persevere. † Get Talking Ask understudies: for what reason do you think the Great Wall of China was fabricated? What is the estimated length of the divider? What may have been a portion of the difficulties looked by the divider's manufacturers? What may the divider be undermined today? Foundation The Great Wall is among the most well known traveler goals in China, alongside the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Terra Cotta Warriors at Xi'an.Qin Shi Huangdi (the principal ruler of China) brought together the country of China and fabricated the primary Great Wall. After Qin Shi Huandi passed on, he was covered in a tomb with a multitude of earthenware warriors and ponies at Xi'an. In 1974, Qin Ski Huangdi's tomb was found by a gathering of archeologists. During the Qin Dynastyâ€when the primary Great Wall was builtâ€workers drudged for a long time to construct the divider, at a pace of around 25 miles for every month. Parts of the divide r have been remade during the past centuryâ€including the area of the divider at Badaling, close to China's capital of Beijing. Numerous legends encompass China's Great Wall.One of the most common is that the Great Wall is the main man-made structure noticeable from the Moon. Be that as it may, as per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), â€Å"The Great Wall can scarcely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be conceivable to see it from the Moon with the unaided eye. † Doing More After understudies have perused the story, request that they look into different locales recorded as jeopardized by the World Monuments Fund. What are the greatest dangers to those destinations? For what reason are the destinations thought about significant? At the point when understudies have wrapped up the data, have them present their discoveries to the class.

25 Literary Art Quotes For Inspiring Your Most Creative Self

25 Literary Art Quotes For Inspiring Your Most Creative Self Great art, whether its visual art, poetry, music, dance, or some other creative work, challenges and inspires us. And, in doing so, it has the power to transform us and the world around us. As a tribute to the value of art in our world, weve assembled a collection of art quotes, to help you get your juices flowing and thoughts moving as you create your own art and enjoy and learn from the art around you. “One ought, every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words.” â€"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship “If art doesnt make us better, then what on earth is it for?” â€"Alice Walker “Our truest response to the irrationality of the world is to paint or sing or write, for only in such response do we find truth.” â€"Madeleine LEngle. The Rock that is Higher: Story as Truth “If we, citizens, do not support our artists, then we sacrifice our imagination on the altar of crude reality and we end up believing in nothing and having worthless dreams.” â€"Yann Martel, Life of Pi “Censorship is to art as lynching is to justice.” â€"Henry Louis Gates Jr. “i am a museum full of art but you had your eyes shut” â€"Rupi Kaur, Milk and Honey The Pin “The role of the artist is to ask questions, not answer them.” â€"Anton Chekhov “All art is a kind of confession, more or less oblique. All artists, if they are to survive, are forced, at last, to tell the whole story; to vomit the anguish up.” â€"James Baldwin, Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son “For me, Art is the restoration of order. It may discuss all sort of terrible things, but there must be satisfaction at the end. A little bit of hunger, but also satisfaction.” â€"Toni Morrison “One thing about great art: it made you love people more, forgive them their petty transgressions. It worked in the way that religion was supposed to, if you thought about it.” â€"Nick Hornby, Juliet, Naked “I think the mystery of art lies in this, that artists’ relationship is essentially with their workâ€"not with power, not with profit, not with themselves, not even with their audience.” â€"Ursula K. Le Guin “Art is the only serious thing in the world. And the artist is the only person who is never serious.” â€"Oscar Wilde The Pin “Art is a persons private vision expressed in aesthetic forms.” â€"Chaim Potok, My Name Is Asher Lev “Art never responds to the wish to make it democratic; it is not for everybody; it is only for those who are willing to undergo the effort needed to understand it.” â€"Flannery OConnor, Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose “If a painting really works down in your heart and changes the way you see, and think, and feel, you don’t think, ‘oh, I love this picture because it’s universal.’ ‘I love this painting because it speaks to all mankind.’ That’s not the reason anyone loves a piece of art. It’s a secret whisper from an alleyway. Psst, you. Hey kid. Yes you.” â€"Donna Tartt, The Goldfinch “There must always be two kinds of art: escape-art, for man needs escape as he needs food and deep sleep, and parable-art, that art which shall teach man to unlearn hatred and learn love.” â€"W.H. Auden “Art wasnt supposed to look nice; it was supposed to make you feel something.” â€"Rainbow Rowell, Eleanor Park The Pin “Sometimes it is better not to talk about art by using the word ‘art.’ If we just act with awareness and integrity, our art will flower, and we dont have to talk about it at all.” â€"Thich Nhat Hanh, Peace Is Every Step: The Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life “Not everyone can be the artist. There have to be those who witness the art, who love and appreciate what they have been privileged to see.” â€"Ann Patchett, Bel Canto “Some say art is our highest form of hope…Perhaps its our only hope.” â€"Roma Tearne, Mosquito “That is one of the functions of art: to present what the narrow and desperately practical perspectives of real life exclude.” â€"C.S. Lewis, On Stories: And Other Essays on Literature “I think that the power of art is the power to wake us up, strike our depths, change us. What are we searching for when we read a novel, see a film, listen to a piece of music? We are searching, through a work of art, for something that alters us, that we werent aware of before.” â€"Jhumpa Lahiri, In Other Words “My weakness has always been to prefer the large intention of an unskilful artist to the trivial intention of an accomplished one: in other words, I am more interested in the high ideas of a feeble executant than in the high execution of a feeble thinker.” â€"Thomas Hardy, The Later Years of Thomas Hardy “We look too much to museums. The sun coming up in the morning is enough.” â€"Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act Art was not an after-school special. Art was not motivational speaking. Art was not sentimental. It had no responsibility to be hopeful or optimistic or make anyone feel better about the world. It must reflect the world in all its brutality and beauty, not in hopes of changing it but in the mean and selfish desire to not be enrolled in its lie, to not be coopted by the television dreams, to not ignore the great crimes all around us.” â€"Ta-Nehisi Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy What are some of your favorite quotes about art? Share them in the comments! And if you want more than art quotes to spark your creative spirit, check out this list of books.

A Timeline History of Mathematics

Mathematics is the science of numbers. To  be precise, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines mathematics as: The science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations  and generalizations. There  are several different branches of mathematical science, which include algebra, geometry and calculus. Mathematics is not an invention. Discoveries and laws of science are not considered inventions since inventions are material things and processes. However, there is a history of mathematics, a relationship between mathematics and inventions  and mathematical instruments themselves are considered inventions. According to  the book Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, mathematics as an organized science did not exist until the classical Greek period from 600 to 300 B.C. There were, however, prior civilizations in which the beginnings or rudiments of mathematics were formed. For example, when civilization began to trade, a need to count was created. When humans traded goods, they needed a way to count the goods and to calculate the cost of those goods. The very first device for counting numbers was, of course, the human hand and fingers represented quantities. And to count beyond ten fingers, mankind used natural markers, rocks or shells. From that point, tools such as counting boards and the abacus were invented.   Heres a quick tally of important developments introduced throughout the ages, beginning from A to Z.   Abacus One of the first tools for counting invented, the abacus was invented around 1200 B.C. in China and was used in many ancient civilizations, including Persia and Egypt. Accounting The innovative Italians of the Renaissance (14th  through 16th century) are widely acknowledged to be the fathers of modern accounting. Algebra The first treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. Algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr, an ancient medical term meaning the reunion of broken parts. Al-Khawarizmi is another early algebra scholar and was the first to teach the formal discipline. Archimedes Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece  best known for his discovery of the relationship between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (Archimedes principle) and for inventing the Archimedes screw (a device for raising water). Differential Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher, mathematician and logician who is probably most well known for having invented differential and integral calculus. He did this independently of Sir Isaac Newton. Graph A graph is a pictorial representation of statistical data or of a functional relationship between variables. William Playfair (1759-1823) is generally viewed as the inventor of most graphical forms used to display data, including line plots, the bar chart, and the pie chart. Math Symbol In 1557, the sign was first used by Robert Record. In 1631, came the    sign. Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism is a school of philosophy and a religious brotherhood believed to have been founded by Pythagoras of Samos, who settled in Croton in southern Italy about 525 B.C. The group had a profound effect on the development of mathematics. Protractor The simple protractor is an ancient device.  As an instrument used to construct and measure plane angles, the simple protractor looks like a semicircular disk marked with degrees, beginning with 0 º to 180 º. The first complex protractor was created for plotting the position of a boat on navigational charts. Called a three-arm protractor or station pointer, it was invented in 1801 by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. The center  arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable and capable of being set at any angle relative to the center one. Slide Rulers Circular and rectangular slide rules, an instrument used for mathematical calculations, were both invented by mathematician William Oughtred. Zero Zero was invented by the Hindu mathematicians Aryabhata and Varamihara in India around or shortly after the year 520 A.D.

Technology And The Criminal Justice System - 1009 Words

Within the last ten years, there have been significant advancements in technology which has in turn changed and increased the type of crimes in today’s society. With the new technology, the criminals are ready to exploit it. So therefore, the future direction of crime fighting and its role in social policy implication are geared toward the advancements of technology. For criminal justice system to intervene, deter, or prevent crimes, they must be equipped with the latest technologies. Advancements to technology within the criminal justice system have a significant effect on the courts, making policies, and the correction facilities. These technologies have provided the police officers and other law enforcement officers with†¦show more content†¦Based on Dauphin County First Assistant District Attorney Fran Chardo, â€Å"We become a very electronic-oriented society.† (Marc Goodman). With this increase usage of electronic, we see a new set of criminals and crimes. With the cellular telephone, criminals use it, not only to communicate with one another, but also to target people and as a triggering device. For example, if the criminals are searching for someone they can text each other with the description of a person and then upon verification proceed with an order, possible death. With this same cellular telephone technology, law enforcement can use someone’s cellular telephone to track their movements or identify their location to help with investigations. The new set of crimes is cybercrimes. A cybercrime is any crime that involves the use of computer or the manipulation of digital data. Zackary J. Miller, section Chief of the FBI’s Cyber Criminal Division stated, â€Å"I think there is a growing cybercrime problem that we are continuing to chase a bit behind the curve†¦ bank robbery and fraud are all facilitated by the internet.† (Bernice Young, 2011). There are five types of computer crimes: (1). i nternal computer crimes, such as viruses; (2). internet and telecommunication, which is hacking; (3). criminal enterprises, databases supporting drug distribution; (4). computer manipulation, embezzlement; and (5). hardware, software, and information theft. (Schmalleger,

Trend in Heritage Tourism Free Essays

string(45) " used to target a selective of participants\." Are the trends in Heritage tourism having an effect on world Heritage sites? | | Abstract Using in depth secondary research this paper aims to examine the impacts of heritage tourism to various heritage sites in terms of potential threats and opportunities associated with tourism development and growth. In addition there will be an analysing of the research methodologies used in order to identify theoretical framework surrounding area of study to clarify the outcomes of results. With effective management and planning heritage tourism can contribute to the local economy as well as the preservation and restoration of the historical monuments at the same time connecting the local culture, which represents a significant period of human history, with global cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Trend in Heritage Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although benefits of this type of tourism do exist there are various issues apparent at numerous historical sites. This study focuses on the concept of sustainability in terms of understanding the implications of tourism to built heritage and its surroundings. nd the local culture, as well as to the development of the communities if planning and management is that dwell therein in terms of planning and management in order to restore, preserve historical monuments at the same time understand Abstract Using in depth secondary research this paper aims to examine the impacts of heritage tourism to various heritage sites in terms of potential threats and opportunities associated with tourism development and growth. In addition there will be an analysing of the research methodologies used in order to identify theoretical framework surrounding area of study to clarify the outcomes of results. With effective management and planning heritage tourism can contribute to the local economy as well as the preservation and restoration of the historical monuments at the same time connecting the local culture, which represents a significant period of human history, with global cultures. Although benefits of this type of tourism do exist there are various issues apparent at numerous historical sites. This study focuses on the concept of sustainability in terms of understanding the implications of tourism to built heritage and its surroundings. nd the local culture, as well as to the development of the communities if planning and management is that dwell therein in terms of planning and management in order to restore, preserve historical monuments at the same time understand | | | Introduction A catalyst for poverty alleviation, tourism is considered to be one of the world’s largest industries, as it acts as a key driver for development through foreign exchange earnings and the formation of direct and indirect employment WTO (2012, a). Tourism contributes 5% of the world’s GDP and accounts for 6% of the world’s exports in services, making it the fourth largest export sector after fuels, chemicals and automotive products. Tourism is accountable for 235 million jobs or one in every 12 jobs globally (WTO 2012, a). With a record of 705 million tourists up to August 2012, global tourism is to rise to 1billion by the end of 2012(WTO, 2012, b). In 2007, cultural tourism accounted for 40% of all international tourism (Mintel, 2010). These results produced are highly adequate as they directly came from WTO whom monitors the trends of tourism and provide an up to date statistic analysis in a timely mode in order understand the affects and impacts of tourism on a global level. The results from Mintel can be considered reliable as information was influenced by organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tourism committee whom activity aims at promoting the culture of evaluation in tourism. As the growth in tourism can help sustain cultural heritage sites, but has severe consequences, since immense growth can affect the configuration of cultural sites and monuments as they are becoming heavily congested by tourist. Discussions and analysis of key theories and interpretation of research methods Heritage mainly represents the past and the future, its meaning is associated with the word in heritance which basically explains when something is passed from one generation to the next generation. Heritage acts as a carrier of historical values from the past, which can be viewed as part of the cultural tradition. Therefore the linkage between heritage and tourism exist by reconstructing the past in the present through interpretation i. e. cultural brokers (Nuryanti,1996). Heritage tourism is a form of special interest tourism (Nuryanti,1996). Heritage can be a form of living or built elements of culture which has intangible or tangible features such as buildings, locations, cuisines and arts and crafts (Timothy and Nyaupane, 2009). The academic adapted these view by exploring various tourism related journals. This may be reliable as they are peer viewed by other academics and experts round the area of study. This type of research method can help when trying to understand a specific study area before it can progress to any other research methods. However journals may not be able to answer a specific question that needs to be investigated as it has been created around the academics particular area of study, answering questions that the academics are particularly researching or investigating around. According to Zepal and Hall (1991) heritage tourism motivations are based on ‘’nostalgia for the past and the desire to experience diverse cultural landscapes and forms†. This quote may not be factual but rather the author’s perspectives as the postmodern tourist may have influence by other motives. The motives to visit cultural historical sites were influenced by having a curiosity in history, visiting cultural attractions/events and visiting a historical attractions/events (Kolar and zabkar,2010 cited in Swarbrooke,1999). Cultural motivations can give an idea of what precedes authentic experiences (Kolar and zabkar,2010). This information was obtained by the means of conducting a survey on 25 Romanesque heritage sites in four European countries. The results identified that cultural motivation is significant subsequent of both object-based and existential authenticity, which in turn influences tourist perceptions. Although surveys can be gathered quickly and administered easily, response rates can be bias as the results of a survey are randomly sampled, normally used to target a selective of participants. You read "Trend in Heritage Tourism" in category "Papers" Furthermore the results were only generalizing on specific heritage settings. This makes it difficult to identify if tourists have similar experiences and perceptions in other heritage settings. An idea of the motivations and behaviours of heritage tourists are, essential if the impacts on heritage sites are to be managed sustainably (Kolar and zabkar, 2010). Heritage tourism can create employment, alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration, and increase community empowerment. The dynamic characteristics of tourism can contribute to preserving and enhancing intangible and tangible cultural heritage. However Intangible and tangible cultural assets whether it is built or a living must be analyzed and managed well in order to flourish in an increasingly globalized world. However this relies on stake holder’s involvement such as the partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage industries. This is because the genuine appreciation for the aspirations and values of all parties can influence the survival of heritage tourism (UNWTO, 2012). This information can be considered as accurate as UNWTO monitor cultural tourism activities and are able to understand the implications of tourism through observations of tourist flows and tourism developments in various heritage sites, in addition working with various stake holders and tourism departments. UNESCO adopted the convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage sites in 1972(Garrod and Fyall, 2009). Since then there has been 936 designated world heritage sites located in 159 states party. The aim of the convention is to â€Å"ensure the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value† (Garrod and Fyall, 2009 cited in UNESCO, 2008:2). The information produce can be considered accurate as it was obtained from UNESCO published documents which is based on factual information rather than ones opinion. However it has been debated that the world Heritage listings has had an influenced in the increase in visitor numbers to world heritage sites. Considerable growth in tourist interest has been distinguished as a driving aspect in latest world heritage selections (Landorf 2009 cited in Jones Munday, 2001). This information was conducted by observations of tourist movements to six heritage sites in the UK. However as this type of research gathered is a form of observation it may be considered as a genuine approach as visitors do not notice that they are being watch so they would act to their normal nature. This approach allows you to understanding certain tourist’s behaviour patterns which can be based on Mathieson and Wall (1982) consumer buying behaviour model. The research associated with the Mathieson and Wall (1982) consumer buying behaviour model can be considered out dated as it does not look into the current perspectives of geographical approaches to understanding consumer behaviour. A more current consumer behaviour model will need to be adapted in order to understand today’s tourists as they may differ from the past tourists. Tourism might place stress on world heritage sites which growth, is intensified by which contradicts the standards at the core of the World Heritage Convention, which emphasis that world heritage sites should maintain a function in current community life at the same time being preserved for transmission to future generations (UNESCO, 1972, b). In this case it is a vital issue that tourism activities should be sustainable in order to allow sites that gain world heritage status to maintain their status (Garrod Fyall, 2000). The information was conducted using desk top research. This information may be bias as it is based on expert’s personal opinions. Tourism may not be the best solution for the development of heritage sites unless planning is involved. Heritage tourism can influence community developments. For example Wadi Al-Hitan in Egypt, witnessed small scale developments by local communities supplying most of the services available to the visitor’s experiences. Management of the heritage site worked closely with locals of the site to develop their capacity in regards to the site but also with regards to developing their skills for providing these services to the tourists i. e. tour guides. A positive outcome has been associated with this is economic development of local communities due to well-planned tourism at Wadi Al Hitan. The Canaima National Park in Venezuela and Shiretoko in Japan are other examples of sites that also demonstrate good methods for community involvement and collaboration and hence development of heritage sites (Borges et al, 2011). This information was collected by taking notes from the interviews from experts in this area of study. Interviews are very effective if conducted using appropriate questions in order to get an instant answer to your questions raised. This method of research is beneficial as it can validate information that already exists. The results for this interview did indicate that there are some positive outcomes for heritage tourism if managed well, however stakeholders will have to involve to community for it to be successful. Although tourism is normally honoured for being able to reconcile conservation and development goals in or near protected areas, there are existing negative impacts that are affecting world heritage sites status. For example Machu Picchu in Peru faces pressure from 900,000 annual tourists who visit the ancient Inca city. The tourists place a threat on the ecological integrity, physical body and cultural authenticity of the world heritage site and surrounding areas, including the Inca Trail (Larson and Poudyal, 2012). Information was influenced by Andean tour operators. As they are recognised tour operator this type of research approach is good, as they will have connections with other tourism related institutions in order to understand what is going on in particular countries in terms of tourist flows and impacts to particular destinations which they may be operating in. UNESCO has previously warned about uncontrolled access at Machu Picchu in Peru and advised the authorities to make conservation a priority (BBC news, 2012). This information was gather from the BBC news is reliable as news is a source which is most current and up to date with worldwide issues. Due to immense tourism developments at heritage sites planning strategies are essential in order to control tourism (Hall, 2008). For a plan to be successful it needs to implement an effective planning approach which is vision and goal oriented, integrative, market driven, resource driven, consultative and systematic (Hall,2008). However Simpson (2001) identified that specific examples of community involvement in the planning process hardly exist. Environmental and economic objectives are more notional than social objectives, creating problematic process as the three dimensions as they are not being equally treated (Agyeman Evans, 2003). Figure one illustrates the process in which sustainable tourism should be managed at heritage sites. Through sustainability soft and hard visitor management techniques have been implemented at various heritage sites in order to control and monitor visitor flows cooper et al, 2005. This information was obtained by observing the visitor management techniques implemented at the Great Wall of China. In this case this is a good method as the results give an understanding of what management techniques effective for heritage sites. Source: (Larson and Poudyal, 2012) Source: (Larson and Poudyal, 2012) Conclusion It is evident that academics in this area of study heavily rely on qualitative research in order to discover their answer. This may be that due to the nature of heritage tourism, the best way to understand the area is by identifying what motivates tourist to this type of tourism and what are the implications, opportunities and solutions in order to sustain heritage tourism. These types of questions may need to be answered by tourists that participate in this type of tourism and stake holders involved. In this way it can be said that the reason why surveys, interviews and observation methods might be used is to investigate specifically in detail answers that may not be found conducting desk top research, due to the limitations of areas that are specifically studied around a particular academics research. However institutions such as the WTO, OECD use quantitative and qualitative, methods in order measure and monitor progress and direct actions related to tourism related impacts, threats and opportunities. It can be recommended that academics use both qualitative and quantitative research in order to develop well detailed and effective results around the area of study. Overall it is clear from the study that in order for heritage tourism to be preserved sustainability is the key concept surrounding the phenomenon. Tourists, Stake holders, communities and tourism institutions are equally involve in achieving sustainability in world heritage sites as they each have an effect on the outcomes of its survival in terms of future developments. References Agyeman, J. Evans, T. (2003). Toward sustainability in urban communities: Building equal rights with sustainable solutions. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. 590. pp 35–53. BBC news, (2012) Machu Picchu: Peru unveils plans for new airport. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-latin-america-19353660 [Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] Borges,A. M. ,Carbone,G. ,Bushell,R. and Jaeger,T. (2011) Sustai nable tourism and natural World Heritage. Switzerland: IUCN Gland, Switzerland Cooper,C. ,Fletcher,J. ,Fyal,A. , Gilbert,D. Wanhill,S. 2005)Tourism principles and practice. Essex: Pearson education limited Garrod, B. , Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 27(3). pp 682–708. Garrod,B. and Fyall,A. Contemporary cases in Tourism. Volume 1. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited. In UNESCO (2008) World Heritage. Availble at:http://whc. unesco. org/en/list/514 Garrod, B. , Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 27(3). pp 682–708. *Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning. Policies, processes and relationships, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited Kolar,T. and zabkar,V. (2010) A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing. 31 (5) October. pp. 652–66. In Swarbrooke, J. (1999) The development and management of visitor attractions. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann, Kolar,T. and zabkar,V. (2010) A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing. 31 (5). October. pp 652–664 Larson,R. L. and Poudyal,C. N. (2012) Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru. 0(7). pp 917-938 Landorf ,C. ( 2009) Managing for sustainable tourism: a review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. 17(1). pp53-70. In Jones, C. , Munday, M. (2001). Blaenavon and United Nations World Heritage Site status: Is conservation of industrial heritage a road to local economic development? Regional Studies. 35(6). pp 585–590. Mathieson, A. and Wall, G. (1982) Tourism: Economic, Physical an d Social Impacts. Harlow: Longman. Mintel (2010) Cultural and Heritage Tourism – International. Available at:http://academic. mintel. om/display/482710/? highlight=true[Accessed:2nd December, 2012] Nuryanti,W. (1996) HERITAGE AND POSTMODERN TOURISM. Annalr of Tourirm Research. 23 (2) pp. 249-260, Simpson, K. (2001). Strategic planning and community involvement as contributors to sustainable tourism development. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(1). pp 3–41. Timothy, J. D. and Nyaupane, P. G. 2009 Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World: A Regional Perspective. Oxon: Routledge UNWTO (2012) Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage. Available at: http://ethics. unwto. rg/en/content/tourism-and-intangible-cultural-heritage[Accessed: 3rd December,2012] UNESCO. (1972). Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage. Paris: UNESCO. WTO (2012 a) Tourism and Poverty Alleviation. Available at: http://step. unwto. org/en/content/tourism-a nd-poverty-alleviation-1[Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] WTO (2012 b) International tourism strong despite uncertain economy. Available at. http://www2. unwto. org/en/press-release/2012-11-05/international-tourism-strong-despite-uncertain-economy[Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] Zeppal, H. and How to cite Trend in Heritage Tourism, Papers

MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION Essays - Computer Storage Devices

MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION PERFORMANCE MONITOR AND NETWORK MONITOR PERFORMANCE MONITOR Windows NT Object Counters in Performance Monitor OBJECTPURPOSE CacheL2 cache performance Logical diskMass storage performance, including network storage MemoryMemory performance and usage ObjectsProcess and tread counts Paging fileVirtual memory usage Physical diskHD performance Process Performance of executing processes Processor Processor(s) performance SystemWindows NT performance Thread Individual thread performance You will also see objects for each network service installed. MONITORING FOR PROCESSOR BOTTLENECKS MAJOR PROCESSOR RELATED COUNTERS TO WATCH: Processor: %Processor Time - How busy the microprocessor is. Processor is a bottleneck if sustained >80% Processor: Interrupts/sec - Rate of service requests from peripheral devices. If you have a high rate of interrupts/sec with no corresponding hardware functions then you may have a bad piece of hardware. Should be between 100 and 1000. Spikes to 2000 are ok. System: Processor queue length - Number of threads waiting to be serviced. >2 then processor is a bottleneck. Queue length will always be zero unless you are also monitoring a thread specific counter (Context switches/sec is number of threads switched/sec by the processor and is good to use). MONITORING THE DISK FOR BOTTLENECKS IF THE DISK LIGHT IS ON ALL THE TIME, YOU NEED MORE RAM More Ram will increase the size of the disk cache and decrease page swapping to disk and will increase the apparent speed of the disk. Logical disk vs. Physical disk Two different objects in Performance monitor. Logical disk measures performance of stripe sets, volume sets and mapped network drives. Physical disk measures real transfers to and from actual hard disk or RAID set. Used to compare disks and to provide specific information about a disk. MAJOR DISK RELATED COUNTERS TO WATCH: Memory: Pages/sec shows the number of memory pages swapped out to disk per second. Useful with %disk time: modify the size of the page file and watch the result of these two disk counters. %Disk time does not directly measure the disk. It shows how much time the processor is spending servicing disk requests. Use with Processor: %Processor Time to determine if the disk is eating up the processor. Disk bytes per second shows how fast your disk is. Copy a big file and see if your disk is way fast or a piece of junk. Average disk bytes per transfer shows how big the average transfer is. Larger transfers are more efficient. Current Disk queue length shows how much data is waiting to be transferred to disk. A long queue means you need a faster disk. NOTE: You must enable disk counters, they are disabled by default and will cause a degradation of about 2% in performance due to processor load of the counter. To enable disk performance counters: type diskperf -y at the command prompt to enable auto counter startup at boot. Reboot. To disable disk performance counters: type diskperf -n at the command prompt to disable auto counter startup at boot. Reboot. NETWORK MONITOR Is a trimmed down version of what ships with SMS. Is installed by adding Network monitor tools and agent through the services tab of the network icon in control panel. Can provide real time and cumulative saved data. FOUR MAIN SECTIONS Bar graph in real time. Session statistics shows cumulative data about conversations taking place on the network in real time. Station statistics shows information on each conversation. You must specify the machine (station) you want to monitor and is cumulative for the monitoring period. Summary statistics are cumulative and show network, captured, per second, NIC (MAC), and NIC error statistics. Data can be filtered by protocol, computer address, or protocol properties. Filter by computer address to identify a NIC sending data frames when not in use (bad NIC). Netmon can be dual password protected and will let you identify other instances of Netmon running on the network. This is to prevent unauthorized users from capturing data to which they do not have permission to access. Conflict Sybex Network Press: MCSE NT Server 4 Study Guide says, ?The limited version of network monitor that ships with Windows NT Server does not support promiscuous mode. Therefore, it can capture only packets sent to the server or to all stations.? But? Windows NT Online Help for Performance Monitor says, The Nework Monitor agent collects statistics from the computer's network adapter card by putting it in promiscuous mode.?